Strong Heart and Vascular Center
Heart Conditions
Obstruction Defects
An obstruction defect is a type of defect where one of the valves or ventricles is narrowed to such a degree that it partially or completely blocks the flow of blood. There are several types of obstruction defects, depending upon where the malformation occurs.
Types of Obstruction Defects
- Pulmonary stenosis. The pulmonary
valve (located between the right ventricle and
pulmonary artery) does
not open properly.
- Aortic stenosis. The aortic valve
(located between the left ventricle and aorta)
is not properly formed,
making it difficult for the heart to pump blood
to the body.
- Coarctation of the aorta. The
aorta is pinched or constricted, preventing blood
flow
to the lower body and increasing blood
pressure. Can lead to heart failure or high
blood pressure in the baby.
- Bicuspid aortic valve. The aortic
valve has only 2 flaps (or ducts) instead of
three. Hinders blood
from flowing and allows blood to flow backwards.
- Subaortic stenosis. Narrowing occurs in the left ventricle beneath the aortic valve, limiting blood flow out of the left ventricle.
Symptoms of Obstruction Defects
Depending on the severity of the defect, symptoms may not appear. For children who do experience symptoms, they may include:
- Cyanosis (a bluish color to the skin due to lack of blood oxygen)
- Chest pain
- Unusual fatigue
- Dizziness
- More serious symptoms include congestive heart failure or high blood pressure.
Treatment Options
Treatment for obstruction defects depends upon severity of the defect. Medication and/or various surgical procedures can correct the defect and restore normal circulation. Procedures include: